Design of a Scan Chain for Side Channel Attacks on AES Cryptosystem for Improved Security

Scan chain-based attacks are side-channel attacks focusing on one of the most significant features of hardware test circuitry. A technique called Design for Testability (DfT) involves integrating certain testability components into a hardware design. However, this creates a side channel for cryptanalysis, providing crypto devices vulnerable to scan-based attacks. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been proven as the most powerful and secure symmetric encryption algorithm announced by USA Government and it outperforms all other existing cryptographic algorithms. Furthermore, the on-chip implementation of private key algorithms like AES has faced scan-based side-channel attacks. With the aim of protecting the data for secure communication, a new hybrid pipelined AES algorithm with enhanced security features is implemented. This paper proposes testing an AES core with unpredictable response compaction and bit level-masking throughout the scan chain process. A bit-level scan flipflop focused on masking as a scan protection solution for secure testing. The experimental results show that the best security is provided by the randomized addition of masked scan flipflop through the scan chain and also provides minimal design difficulty and power expansion overhead with some negligible delay measures. Thus, the proposed technique outperforms the state-of-the-art LUT-based S-box and the composite sub-byte transformation model regarding throughput rate 2 times and 15 times respectively. And security measured in the avalanche effect for the sub-pipelined model has been increased up to 95 per cent with reduced computational complexity. Also, the proposed sub-pipelined S-box utilizing a composite field arithmetic scheme achieves 7 per cent area effectiveness and 2.5 times the hardware complexity compared to the LUT-based model

A study on finite difference method using explicit and monotone scheme hyperbolic partial differential equation

All the problems almost in science and technology can be expressed mathematically in the form of partial differential equation. Mainly all the types of partial differential equation has a specific characters. Specially hyperbolic equation is associated with vibrations and sounds especially problems related to time, heat, diffusion and elasticity. In this paper, the author discussed the explicit and monotone scheme based on finite difference method to find the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equation with linear advection equation and also discussed the upwind difference scheme which was extended to an monotone scheme

Assess the Levels of Dependence And Severity of Psychiatric Illness Among Adolescent Boys Addicted to Marijuna

Marijuana refers to the dry leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from cannabis sativa or cannabis India plant; it is a psychoactive sedative drug. Adolescent age group is more likely to use cannabis in the form of Marijuana and experience many psychiatric illness problems from use. A recent survey from partnership at drug free shows that about 10% of teens smoke cannabis at least 20 times each month. The main objective of the study is to assess the dependency and associated psychiatric illness among adolescent people at selected area. The sampling sizes of 100 were recruited in purposive sampling technique; descriptive study was used along with structured MEEQ questionnaires. In study results shows that level of dependency were 46% adolescents are short term dependent to marijuana, 36% are moderate level of dependent to marijuana, and 23% adolescents are long term dependent to marijuana. There is a significant association between the level of dependency state of marijuana and the psychiatric illness such as visual hallucination, auditory hallucination, improved memory and learning ability at (p<0.05)

IN VITRO ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF NATIVE INDIAN SEAWEED SARGASSUM SP.

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate the antiplasmodial activity of three different solvent extracts of Sargassum tenerrimum against Plasmodium falciparum.Methods: The seaweed species of S. tenerrimum were collected from Rameshwaram, Southeast coast of India. The collected samples were dried andextracted with three different polaritic (hexane, acetone, and ethylacetate) solvents and tested against P. falciparum parasite strain.Results: Acetone extract exhibited better activity than the other two extracts. The inhibitory concentration values of acetone S. tenerrimum werefound to be 27.82 and 18.14 µg/ml at 24-48 hrs, respectively. S. tenerrimum crude extracts were subjected for the phytochemical analysis, and itshowed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, amino acids, and phenol compounds. The gas chromatography-massspectroscopy result reveals that the presence of 10 major and minor compounds in the S. tenerrimum extract. In that, cyclotrisiloxane hexamethylcompounds might be responsible for the effective parasite suppression.50Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the acetone extract of S. tenerrimum has strong antiplasmodial activity. Furthermore, thestudy has been extended to the isolation of the possible active compounds that is responsible for the antiplasmodial properties.Keywords: Antiplasmodial assay, Different polaritic solvents, Plasmodium falciparum, Sargassum tenerrimum

Global projective lag synchronization of fractional order memristor based BAM neural networks with mixed time varying delays

This paper addresses Master-Slave synchronization for some memristor- based fractional-order BAM neural networks (MFBNNs) with mixed time varying delays and switching jumps mismatch. Firstly, considering the inherent characteristic of FMNNs, a new type of fractional-order differential inequality is proposed. Secondly, an adaptive switching control scheme is designed to realize the global projective lag synchronization goal of MFBNNs in the sense of Riemann-Liouville derivative. Then, based on a suitable Lyapunov method, under the framework of set-valued map, differential inclusions theory, fractional Barbalat’s lemma and proposed control scheme, some new projective lag synchronization criteria for such MFBNNs are obtained. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical analysis.This work was jointly supported with the financial support of RUSA - Phase 2.0 grant sanctioned vide letter No. F.24-51/2014-U (TNMulti-Gen), Dept.of Education Govt. of India, Thailand research grant fund (RSA5980019), the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Networked Collective Intelligence under Grant No. BM2017002

Ramachandran Plot on The Web (2.0)

The Ramachandran plot displays the main chain conformation angles (\Phi and \Psi) of the polypeptide chain of a protein molecule. The paper reports the updated version of the Ramachandran plot web server and has several improved options for displaying the conformation angles in various regions. In addition, options are provided to display the conformation angles in various secondary structural elements and regions within the user specified \Phi and \Psi values in the plot

Enhanced robust finite-time passivity for Markovian jumping discrete-time BAM neural networks with leakage delay

Abstract This paper is concerned with the problem of enhanced results on robust finite-time passivity for uncertain discrete-time Markovian jumping BAM delayed neural networks with leakage delay. By implementing a proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidate, the reciprocally convex combination method together with linear matrix inequality technique, several sufficient conditions are derived for varying the passivity of discrete-time BAM neural networks. An important feature presented in our paper is that we utilize the reciprocally convex combination lemma in the main section and the relevance of that lemma arises from the derivation of stability by using Jensen’s inequality. Further, the zero inequalities help to propose the sufficient conditions for finite-time boundedness and passivity for uncertainties. Finally, the enhancement of the feasible region of the proposed criteria is shown via numerical examples with simulation to illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed method

Assess the Levels of Dependence And Severity of Psychiatric Illness Among Adolescent Boys Addicted to Marijuna

Marijuana refers to the dry leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from cannabis sativa or cannabis India plant; it is a psychoactive sedative drug. Adolescent age group is more likely to use cannabis in the form of Marijuana and experience many psychiatric illness problems from use. A recent survey from partnership at drug free shows that about 10% of teens smoke cannabis at least 20 times each month. The main objective of the study is to assess the dependency and associated psychiatric illness among adolescent people at selected area. The sampling sizes of 100 were recruited in purposive sampling technique; descriptive study was used along with structured MEEQ questionnaires. In study results shows that level of dependency were 46% adolescents are short term dependent to marijuana, 36% are moderate level of dependent to marijuana, and 23% adolescents are long term dependent to marijuana.  There is  a significant association between the level of dependency state of marijuana and the psychiatric illness such as visual hallucination, auditory hallucination, improved memory and learning ability at (p<0.05)